Malaysian Pest Analysis: Government Report

Malayan Pest abridgment Government ReportThe objectives in this section exit reveal on what does the offers of this research project served. Firstly, this project leave behind briefly discuss to the highest degree PESTE ( political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technology, and Ecological) analysis on Malaysia. The discussion get out go on into the literary works part whereby it will firstly discuss various type of definitions of holidaymakerry. therefore it will discuss about the touristry planning five approaches which will be Boosterism, Economic, Physical/Spatial, Community and Sustainable that has been utilized by Malaysia governance.1.2.1 PoliticMalaya, which is now known as the peninsular Malaysia, became independent on high-flown 31, 1957. In yr 1963, Malaya merged with Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to formed Malaysia. solely after 2 years, Singapore has be discern an independent state on 9 alarming 1965. Now, Malaysia consists of 13 invokes whereby 11 of its at omic number 18 on Malay Peninsula and the new(prenominal) two, Sabah and Sarawak argon on the island of Borneo. It has three federal territories which is Kuala Lumpur, Labuan island, and Putrajaya federal administrative territory. Each state has an assembly and government which argon headed by a chief minister. Among 13 of these states, 9 of the states strike hereditary rulers which ar usually titled as sultans magical spell the rest of the four states involve appointed governors in copy positions.Although Malaysia is known for its strict rules simply tourist who be pull in to iting Malaysia non more than than one month does not require visa from the Malaysian Immigration Department. It is as well serious that conflictingers follow the conditions and laws of Malaysia.1.2.2 EconomyAfter 1957 where Malaysia became independent, the sparing of the sphere was mainly based on rubber and tin. Since whence, economy was maturation and become a more industrialized market. I n the 1997-1998 East Asian crises, Malaysia was one of the countries that inculpated in the Asian crisis but did not involve the International Monetary Fund (Sundaram, 2006). But it recovered from the recession in truth fast and since then, the economic was very stable with a GDP ramble of RM679,687 million in year 2009 (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2010). The government has spend an amount of RM 40.1 jillion in subsidizing petrol, natural gas, food and road tolls in year 2007. Malaysia also does have a lower percentage in unemployment rate which is 3.3% put down in July 2010 and 3.1% in August 2010 (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2010).1.2.3 Socio-cultural agree to the Official Website of Department of Statistics Malaysia which was updated on 02 July 2010, it is stated that Malaysia currently has 28.25 millions people. It is well known that Malaysia is a multicultural country which consists of a mixture different ethnic which are Chinese, Indian, Malay, and also auto chthonic and others. Malays energizes up al approximately half of the Malaysia and then follows by Chinese and Indian. most(prenominal) of the Malays are Islam while others may be large to Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism or other/none. Malaysia was enter an annual rate of growth of 2.0%.The prescribed language used in Malaysia was Bahasa Melayu, then followed by other language such as Chinese which comes with various dialects, English, Tamil and others. This makes Malaysia a perfect country for tourist to visit because there will be no language barriers for them as long as they mountain speak any one of them.1.2.4 TechnologyMalaysia has a very advantageously national and international telephone lines. It is because Peninsular Malaysia are using microwave radio relay and it provide a good connectivity between cities. It also have two international earth move and also two Intelsat which are located at Indian naval and Pacific Ocean. Thus, tourists who are travelling to Mala ysia will have no connectivity problem. By now, Malaysia has a add together of nine Internet Service Provider (ISP). around of them are P1 WIMAX, Maxis Broadband, Streamyx, Jaring, Celcom Broadband and so on. On the other hand, Malaysia also have a good head for the hills of radio and television stations. It has 19 radio stations that are owned by private sector while 34 stations are owned by government. Furthermore, Malaysia has 58 airports. 36 of them are on East Malaysia while the rest, 22 are on Peninsular Malaysia. Hence, these technologies that available in this country will definitely make life easier for tourists.1.2.5 EcologicalMalaysia is full of biodiverse range of flora and fauna which underside be found around the country. It is because the tropical rainforests comprises to almost 70% of Malaysia total land sphere. Malaysia has been recorded that it has the worlds fifth largest of globegrove forest whereby the world largest mangrove forest area is in Sundarban, Ban gladesh. Ever since Malaysia has been filled with a spread of natural resources and environs, the government has also take part in preserving the environment to pr font further damage world caused to it.The government has put a lot of effort in preserving this environment by firstly introducing the tonal pattern Pollutant Index (API). The API is an indicator of air quality and was developed based on scientific assessment to indicate in an easily understood behavior (Department of Environment, 2007). Besides, the Department of Environment (DOE) also conducted the National Ambient Noise observe Programme to determine the Malaysian ambience post in year 2006 (Department of Environment, 2007). For the river water quality control, the DOE has started to monitoring the river since 1978 (Department of Environment, 2007).2. Literature Review2.1.1 Definitions of tourismThere is no single definition of tourism to which constantlyyone adheres. Many definitions have been used over the y ears, several(prenominal) of which are universal and can be applied to any situation, while others fulfill a specific purpose (Weaver and Lawton, 2010).But a more recent definition from WTO (1991 cited in Mason, 2003, p. 5) delimit tourism as the workivities of a person traveling outside his or her usual environment for less than a specified period of sequence whose main purpose of travel is other than for exercise of an activity remunerate from the couch visited.However, none of these two definitions makes any connection to the impacts of tourism whereby impacts are the key to any discussion of the planning and management of tourism (Mason 2003, p. 5). But Jafari (1981, p. 3 cited in Mason, 2003, p.5) stated that tourism is a study of man (sic) away from his usual habitat, of the perseverance which responds to his needs and the impacts that both he and the industry have for the socio-cultural, economic and physical environments.2.2 tourism Planning Approaches2.2.1 Boosterism Boosterism has long existed ever since tourism started. Boosterism can also be defined as the act of boosting a travel termination or a city which are done usually by the people in the area affected. foyer (2000) comment that boosterism has long been the dominant tradition towarfareds tourism since mass tourism began. Hence, sorts of effective method are being exploited in disposition to boost a place. A place which is full of resources such as cultural and natural can be taken as an example. Malaysia is a good set of example for cultural and nature tourism with its animate rich resources.Although boosterism has been active for a long period but it was still discovered by people when big final result such as Commonwealth games and Formula 1 racing event are being held in different countries (Hall, 2000). The changes in tourist arrival and room offer by hotel can be noticed easily when these huge event are being held.It can be seen that Malaysia has been trying hard to labour the country by using different type of promotion to cast different type of tourist. For example, there is one event called Malaysia twelvemonth hold on exchange (YES) that is ongoing from 20 November 2010 to 2 January 2011 (Tourism Malaysia, 2010). The event purpose is to draw out shopping tourist to Malaysia because at that time, all shop around Malaysia will be having alot of discount which can never be seen during other period.another(prenominal) side of boosterism by Malaysia is advertising. The Minister of Tourism Malaysia has launched an advertising campaign called whizz Malaysia for SMRT trains, busses, and taxis in Singapore (Tourism Malaysia, 2008). This advertising campaign specifically targets the public shipping because it was popular among the locals and foreign tourists (Tourism Malaysia, 2008).From another side we can also see that Malaysia has successfully in promoting Malaysia in September 2006 whereby Tourism Malaysia has signed a 2 million deal with Manches ter United to promote Visit Malaysia Year 2007. This has also directly make Tourism Malaysia as one of the official sponsors of Manchester United Football Club (MANUTD, 2010).2.2.2 EconomicWhen tourism emerged as a part of economic sector in the decades following World war II, most researchers and government administrators assumed its growth to be a irrefutable and desirable process (Lawton, 2010). Ever since then, legion(predicate) countries have used this as an opportunity to promote their country to other world as a tourist curl upion. Countries with natural resources such as cultural and heritage area, diachronic place that are left behind after the impact of war will be a great win to the particular country in promoting tourism. Actually what can tourism contributes to a countrys economic status? The contribution can usually be measured at either a national level or at the local or regional scale. The impacts of tourism to economy are as followforeign exchange earningsgov ernment revenuesgeneration of employmentregional development. sensation of the main characteristics of the economic approach is the use of marketing and promotion to attract the type of visitor who will provide the greatest economic benefit to the destination given the destinations specific tourist resources (Hall, 2000). For example, the Malaysia Year End Sale promotion that will be launching soon. Although the promotion will be all around Malaysia but it will be more tension on Kuala Lumpur, the heavy(p) city of Malaysia because tourist will normally more focus in capital city. With the p modifyy of resources available in capital city such as high-end shopping malls, the promotion can be executed flawlessly with its aim achieved.2.2.3 Physical/SpatialIn the make it decade of the twentieth century, it was noted that tourism depends ultimately upon the environment, as it is a major tourism attraction itself, or is the context in which tourism activity takes place (Holden, 2000). However, Lawton and Weaver (2010) argued that problems can occur if a destination becomes too dependent on tourism, or if the sector is controlled (or is perceived to be controlled) by outside interests. It is indeed a fact that tourism can cause both invisible and visible impacts to the environment. Therefore in battle array to minimise the impact that tourism can caused to the environment, Hall (2000) suggests that visitor managers should assay to manipulate travel patterns by concentrating or dispersing tourists in sensitive areas. For example, some(prenominal) national park limits a certain number of visitors per day to find out minimal impact that can be caused to the area.Malaysia is indeed a most fortunate country that are blessed with a wide range of natural and cultural assets. Since it is blessed with so many assets, people who lived in the country each has their own responsibilities to take care of the environment. Therefore, the Malaysia government has come up with a campaign called 1MALAYSIA GREEN TOURISM, 1MALAYSIA CLEAN. The reason for launching this event was to built up the passion of people in keeping fairish the environment, especially tourist attraction destinations. This campaign was also based on the tagline Think Tourism. Act Tourism by Minister of Tourism, YB Dato Sri Dr, Ng Yen Yen (1Malaysia Green Clean).2.2.4 Community2.2.5 Sustainable2.3 The Butlers theory termNumber of touristsExplorationInvolvementDevelopment integratingStagnation(Rejuvenation)(Continued stagnation)(Decline) scathing carrying capacity thresholdSource Adapted from Butler 1980.2.3.1 ExplorationAn business relationship from oxford dictionary described exploration as the action of searching an area for natural resources. This can also be explained as a tourist tried to explore a destination (tourist destination) for leisure or relaxation. According to Butler, the exploration stage is characterised by very small numbers of visitors who are dispersed passim the destnation and remain for an extended period of time ( Lawton and Weaver, 2010).In brief, exploration can also be described as the pre-tourism or the starting of a tourist attraction destination where not many people are there yet and most of the people does not know about it. Visitors that went to the place will experienced the most countrified kind of services whereby improvement have not been done yet. most of the exploration usually started from urban area. Malaysia first exploration started in the thirteenth century when Malacca was founded by a Sumatran prince. The place by and by became the most influential port city in the Southeast Asia during that time. That is the place where traders from all part of the world gathered and that was the time Malaysia was exposed to other countries visitors. But after Malaysia being exposed, a lot of countries tried to earmark Malaysia due to its rich resources. After 138 years, Malaysia finally gained its independence in 1957and since t hen Malaysia has undergone a tremendous growth and prosperity since 1957.2.3.2 InvolvementThe involvement in here means that the involvement parties which may include visitors, government, or entrepreneurs. local anaesthetic entrepreneurs will begin to provide a limited amount of specialize services and facilities in response to the appearance of tourists, thereby inaugurating an incipient tourism industry (Lawton and Weaver, 2010). Specialised services such as small alimentation places, inn, and maybe small transportation services might also be available. With these services, visitors might also be increasing but in a slow phase because things are still undeveloped.The role of advertising will also started in this phase as it will induces a determinable pattern of seasonal variation. The place will started to get mentioned in articles and brochures but the affected part are still considered a small area. pipeline start to spread in a slow manner.2.3.3 Development2.3.4 Consolida tion2.3.5 Stagnation2.3.6 Rejuvenation or DeclineRejuvenationDecline3. methodologyThe method that was used in completing this assignment includes web browsing. several(prenominal) web search engine are being used often are Google, Yahoo and Wikipedia. These web search engine are just now being used as a bridge to the information that we needed. Besides, government website are also being used frequently to acquire important facts and figures about the country. Website such as Malaysia Tourism Board, Department of Statistics Malaysia, and Malaysia Government introduction are where some of the facts and figures being collected.Other than websites, the information was also collected from books that are available daily in our institute. Several books have been lent in order to complete this assignment. Books such as Tourism Management, Tourism Planning Policies, Processes and Relationships, and Tourism Impacts Planning and Management are noticeable by means ofout the assignment as citations are mostly quoted from these books. E-journal has also contributed quite some figure in this assignment whereby most of them are acquire through the institute research databases which are the MDIS EBSCOhost research databases.4. Analysis and Discussions